Projection optical measuring device for machine tools



Jan. 8, 1952 F. w. TURRETTINI v 2,581,823

l PROJECTION OPTICAL MEASURING DEVICE FOR MACHINE TooLs Filed June '7, 1949 5 Sheets-Shea?I l o O k -Q l o O l /m bw- F. w. TURRETTINI 2,581,823 PROJECTION OPTICAL MEASURINC DEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOLS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 In Ventov:

FERNAND W. TURRETTIM Jan. 8, 1952 Filed June 7, 1949 F. W. TURRETTINI PROJECTION OPTICAL MEASURING DEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOLS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan. 8, 1952 Filed June 7, 1949 Jan. 8, 1952 F. w. TURRETTINI 2,581,823 v PRoJEoToNoPTrcALn/IEASURING DEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed June 7. 1949 -5 Sheets-Sheec 4 r"- m/entorf:

FERNAND W. TURRETTINI Jan. 8, 1952 F. w. TuRRl-:TTINI 2,581,823

PROJECTION OPTICAL MEASURING DEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed June '7, 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Y lg" A 65 if 2z /4 Z6 4 38 f? M 39 6 5 /3 f5 l; 40

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vFERNAND W. TURRETTINI Attorney Patented Jan. 8, 1 952 PROJECTION OPTICAL MEASURINGIDEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOLS Fernand W.l Turrettini, Bellevue-Geneva,` Switzerland, assignor to Societe Genevoise dInstruments de Physique,'Geneva, Switzerland,

Application June 7, 1949, Serial No. 97,537 In Switzerland J'une 16, 1948 l Machine tools with accurate adjustment, optical adjustment for example, of the position of their tables or slides, are known. They are lin general marking or boring machines, in which one ofthe slides is the table that carries the Work, while the other carries the working spindle. The optical measuring devices that consist of a micrometric microscope, usually rigid with the frame, for observing a graduated scale rigid with the moving table, have the advantage of being very accurate and of being adapted for rapid and convenient use. I

The parts that compose an optical measuring device for amachine tool are therefore: the

scale, the microscope in which the coincidence' of a recticle or hair-line with the image of a mark on the scale is observed, the micrometer which serves to evaluate ythe' fractions of a millimetre in displacing the hair-line or reticle in the eld of the microscope, and an auxiliary graduation observable by the naked eye, which, co-operating with a pointer rigid with the movable table, serves to determine the whole number of millimetresA included in the iigure characterising the position of the table.

Since such machine tools have to'permit measurements in a system of at least two axes of rectangular co-ordinates, the same parts are repeated for each axis of co-ordinates.

VAn adjustment of position of a table according to a numeral of co-ordinates therefore comprises, in the order of succession of the adjustment operations: y

that is, four operations altogether.

When it is a question of executing, upon a machine of-this type, a series of work-pieces identical with .one another involving a plurality of machining operations,.the "Workman would .save a considerable amountof rtime if he had ,the means of Yeiiecting these four adjusting'op- -erations for each of the machining operations ofthe rst piece only ofthe series,y and of effect- 1 Claim. (Cl. 88-24) solid with the table.

ing for the subsequent pieces of the series only a reduced number of adjustment operations such that each of the other pieces then presents itself vexactly in the same Way as the rst piece in relation to the Working spindle for all the'malchining operations that it has to undergo;

The present invention enables this aim to be attained. It relates to a machine tool comprising at least one table or slide movable upon a frame. It is characterised bythe combination of a measuring device formed by av scale observed with a micrometric microscope; and a device enablingy the positions" already occupied. by the table to be repeated, this second device comprising a set of abutments adjustable according to the initial adjustments of the positions of the table made with the scale and the microscope, and these abutments co-operating with a position-indicator.

Upon the first piece of the series the operator will adjust the successive positions that the piece to be worked must occupy in relation to the working spindle, by making use of all the elements of the optical measuringrv device, and for each of these positions hewill adjust a stop vin such a 'Way that the position-indicator shows that the adjustment of this stop is correct. For the subsequent pieces he will obtain the repetition' of the successive positions of the piece by referring solely to the position-indicator controlled by the stops adjusted in position at the time of the initial adiustment. If the indicator has the desired sensitiveness the working positions thus repeated will be as correct as'those established by the initial adjustments eifectedV on the rst piece of the series to be executed.

One form of construction of the present invention is illustrated by way of example in-the accompanying drawings, in which: .i 1

Figure l is a plan view, the movable slide bei'rig assumed to be removed; "j

Figure 2 is a view in front elevation, with 'part in vertical section on the broken line II-II in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line III-III in Figure 2; and

Figures 4 and 5 are sections on the lines and V-V in Figure 1.

In these drawings, I is the frame' ofthefmachine', upon which a slide 2, forming a worktable, is movable on slideways 3 and 4 under the action of a screw 5 turning' in bearings la and Ib onr the frame and co-operating with a Vnut 8 IV--IV The screw 5 may be actuatedv eitherlb'yfhand,

misstanden-entament.'

is connected to the slide-table 2 by a bracket HL;l

and thus follows all the movementsmofmthe table by sliding along a face I5 `on the'zsfran'ie.)l table (see Figure 5) is provided with a 'longi-'- tudinal slot IISV forming a guidefalong whichsto-ps I1, I1" and I1" are adjustable inrfpositionfand t Vcan be xed by means of locking' nutszli, 8

and I8", screwed on to tightening rods I9, I9' and I9", each terminating in a head E in the slot I'B.

Each of these adjustable stops (see also Figures 1 and 2) is equipped with an adjusting screw 20, 20", preferably with a ne thread, the `tips 2i, 2I and 2 I'" :ofzhese 'screws :being conifcail.' ,'lheseitips co-operatewith :a @rismatic piece '-112', which :has two :inclined faces, and whichfis xedupon ronearm Dffabentxzontrol lever 23,-arttioulatedat 24 to afbracket 25 xed upon 4a casing 26,"2Whichf enclosesiboththe microscopejand the `position-indicator. The 'other Varm 21 -of'fthe bent ieverisprovided 'witha projection suchas a grain .oribeadz'iy-which acts upon one end of a .pusherzmember 29. The vlever 23 issubiected to threedistinctzactions,.namely: (a) the action of thefcorricai fend .121" of .the screw 20, which, Tactingmpnnvth'e .'inclined'races 'of the .piece 22, tendsj to rock the .lever 23 in a Vcounter-clockwflse '.idirectionwhen the table is in motion; tb) the fraction fof --a spring 3D .lodged in a cavity in ntlx'elever't, exerted upon a :piston 3| bearing mpbn Athe 'bracket .Z and tending vtolrock the lever in a clockwise direction; ,and (e) the action .a ibui-er 32, `which/limits the preceding acf.

tion. l' Y In this'way :the contact of the conical'tip 2I with-'the .prismatic piece '22 flowers `the piece 22, which acts 'upon "the Yposition-indicator which is zaboutto be described, vbut nevertheless then at- Fiords free massage -to the-tip l21|, in order that the tip 'v1.21 @may -be #able in :its rturn to Aproduce thefsame iects.

Allftheradjustablefstops :11, I1 :and 11", however many Athere may VVloe of them, fcan thus 'comperateffreelyinturnwith :the lever 23.

i The position-indicator comprises the -push y-member .29, Iarticmlated upon two-flexible blades 'i133rand-4, which-areixed'fat'oneend to the -push memberfandfat fthe other end -toxa wbracket35 solid with the foasing VfZ, so -that the `members .29, 34 @and ,fform apara-Ilelfogram deformable ywith-- outsrotiom vand fensuring, -within the 'limits of its elastic deformation, Ythe vertical position of 29. i Y Y The inner or lower end Y3B .fof-the ,push member F2S,in .formof aa blunt point or ofaknife-edge,

43 containing 1a .rectilinear diilament'e towards a fixed mirror 4I, which infturnireiiects At'on to `a'trai'isliicerrt screenV 42 provided Ywith Vfa- .pointer 50, shots/niza 'Figure l.. 'This Vimage .fis formed by- '1an bbective lens 45,1and is reflected `towards the fmovablerninror K0 byafiixed mirror c5 camfi'edby 'fafbr'ackeft 5B1.' Azspring 112,2stretched'fbetween the members 31 and 29, ensuresr contact betwe'enthe a 1 engaging In order to obviate parasitic radiation of light from the lamp bulb 43 in the direction of the screen 42, thisbulb is surrounded by a protective tube 49, open only on the side facing the yobjective lens-45., Onthescreen 41&2 v tsee Figure ll'will beiseenL-.a xedpointer an'df'a bright mark 5I, which will be the image of the filaqmenti. The adjustment of position will be considered perfect when the bright mark 5I coincides vwithtlie 'fixeddatum 50.

The *precision measuring device comprises a ,micrometric microscope the construction and operationpofwhichyare known. The scale (see Fig- '11res3 ande?) .is fiat I3. VIt is graduated on its inner face 52. Aeprism 53 deiiects the optical kaxis inthe direction of an objective lens 54 and v.of .are'dticle or hair-line 55, which is mounted upon a ram or slide 55, movable in arg-uide 51, under the action of a micrometer screw 58 carrying a graduated head, turning opposite to apointerii'. A Y Y The opti-calaxis;.fis-again deflected lby a prism 5ft inthe directionfof afsecond .objective lens 2 `ander aprism 63, which .returnsotheoptical axis vertically -into the feye-piece: 5t, where theimage `of a Vrnarkfin the grauiu-ation '.of.V the scale,- and the reticle .55, Yare observed simultaneously.

g Theapparatusas a -Wholeioperates in the following manner: Assuming that the co-erdinate of a machining position of the piece is 300.1469, the workman places the .drum-or graduated head 5S of the micrometer to the .reading 0.469 and then, acting upon thefmechanical table-control -device,..displaces it until the pointer `t5 cornes `into the immediate neighborhood of `the mar-k 390 znillirnetres, upon an 4auxiliary scale .65. `Finally, acting upon' the manual control device, hef-brings, the .mark-of the .graduation intocoincidence with the reticlerin'the `.field'of `the eyepiece 6.4.

VAt thisrnoment -he slidessone-.ef the adjustable stops I1 ,inthe slot lguntilathe `conical pointZI of Kthe .screw 29 fcernesntofcontact with kthe prismaticjpiece 22 that .-actuates the yposition- .by actingupcn the screw 20., .he brings the image .siderable time.

YVthe bright mark 5I;

.5I of ithe= filament sto the pointer '50.

He proceeds vin the lsame ewayor'all the other co-ordina'tes that willhave tobe repeated. Subsequently, in order to lbringythe .table back into -thepositicn :according to the V:3o-ordinates thus marked, he will utilize only the mechanical :control device, not showirgof the screw and its Vmanualfcontrol.devicejin order V'to repeat, for all vthe work-pieces to be machined in series, the cca-ordinates marked orthe rstpiece .of the series. `He will/,not4 have to effect again any adjustment on ,the (micrometer, or .any Observations either upon Vtlrie'auxiliary scale, .proyided hehas .taken care .toelectall his adjustments 'in the same' direction of .advance of 'the table,

,o1-upon .the microscope, and will thussave con- The sensitivenessof the position-indicator will be sufficient when its magncationis of the order of 100 diametersywliich'lliasthe result that tance fof 1 millimetre'between the pointer'lfand .[n the form of :construct-in described, this `indicating ldevice is an optical-iindicaitor, ibut Lit o 'jwouldibe quitelposs'ibleto prov-ide ailmechanical -for ielectrical v2indiz'zating device thatl :moves' vva 5 needle over a dial or acts upon any other reading member.

What I claim is:

In a machine-tool comprising at least one table sliclably movable upon a frame and a measuring device for carrying out the initial adjustments of the positions of said table, said measuring device comprising a scale dependent from and secured to said table and optical means for the observation of said scale, in combination, a set of stops adjustably mounted on said table; a. projecting device comprising a screen, a mirror oscillatably mounted on said frame and a source of light the image of which is projected on said i: screen by means of said mirror; a pointer on "f said screen; and a swinging member operatably connected with said mirror, a part of said member being situated on the path of said stops in operative relationship thereto so that when the table is displaced, said stops swing said swinging member which displaces said mirror, the image of the source of light being thus displaced on said screen whereby, when the table is brought again in its initial positions, said positions can be checked, without using said measuring device, by observing the image of the source of light on said screen.

FERNAND W. TURRE-'ITINL REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,974,606 Fassin Sept. 25, 1934 2,302,572 Reason Nov. 17, 1942 2,422,611 Becker June 17, 1947 

